报错信息：
1 | RuntimeError: Python is not installed as a framework. The Mac OS X backend will not be able to function correctly if Python is not installed as a framework. See the Python documentation for more information on installing Python as a framework on Mac OS X. Please either reinstall Python as a framework, or try one of the other backends. If you are Working with Matplotlib in a virtual enviroment see 'Working with Matplotlib in Virtual environments' in the Matplotlib FAQ |
首先要确定安装了matplotlib：
1 | pip install matplotlib |
此报错出现在使用virtualenv的情况下，以下解决方案中的/usr/local/bin/python等目录可能需要按照实际安装路径进行调整：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | #方法一：在用户的.bash_rc或.bash_profile下添加如下代码并source一下：function frameworkpython { if [[ ! -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV" ]]; then PYTHONHOME=$VIRTUAL_ENV /usr/local/bin/python "$@" else /usr/local/bin/python "$@" fi}方法二在virtualenv的bin目录下新建frameworkpython文件并添加如下代码并source一下，如/Users/alan/.virtualenvs/machinelearning/bin/目录#!/bin/bash# what real Python executable to usePYVER=2.7PATHTOPYTHON=/usr/local/bin/PYTHON=${PATHTOPYTHON}python${PYVER}# find the root of the virtualenv, it should be the parent of the dir this script is inENV=<code>$PYTHON -c "import os; print(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(\"$0\"), '..')))"</code># now run Python with the virtualenv set as Python's HOMEexport PYTHONHOME=$ENVexec $PYTHON "$@" |
但以上两种方案仅在命令行中执行有效，而我们常常需要在PyCharm中编辑调试，这样就会很不方便，更为简单的方案是：
1 2 3 4 5 | #一、执行如下命令echo "backend: TkAgg" > ~/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc#二、在文件上方添加import matplotlibmatplotlib.use('TkAgg') |
测试代码（来自小象学院邹博《机器学习》）：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | import mathimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltif __name__ == "__main__": x = [float(i)/100.0 for i in range(1,300)] y = [math.log(i) for i in x] plt.plot(x, y, 'r-', linewidth=3, label="log curve") a = [x[20], x[175]] b = [y[20], y[175]] plt.plot(a, b, 'g-', linewidth=2) plt.plot(a, b, 'b*', markersize=15, alpha=0.75) plt.legend(loc='upper left') plt.grid(True) plt.xlabel('X') plt.ylabel('log(X)') plt.show() |
